This guide was developed in partnership between the University Library and the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) to aid researchers performing literature searches for animal alternatives. For more information on Brown-specific policies, please see the following page:
Alternatives searches are typically guided by "The 3Rs"*
Methods that replace animals in research with non-animal models or with a lower species. For example:
Methods that allow researchers to minimize the number of animals used in research, while allowing results to remain statistically significant. For example:
Methods that alleviate or reduce potential pain and distress or that contribute to animal welfare over the animal’s lifetime. For example:
*Russell, W.M.S. and Burch, R.L., (1959). The Principles of Humane Experimental Technique, Methuen, London. ISBN 0900767782
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