Spectroscopic methods including NMR, IR, and GC-Mass Spec are used in the laboratory to characterize reactants, reagents, products that are part of an experiment especially for organic synthesis. The results of these characterizations can be reported in the literature as
- Text shorthand. For example, chemical shifts for NMR with multiplicities or frequencies with qualitative band strength assignment for IR or ions with charge to mass including the parent ion (M +1) for mass spectroscopy. Saves space in the published work.
- Spectrum. For example, IR of a substance either as the actual spectrum from an instrument or a digitized version.
Scholarly publications, as best practice, provide information on the model of the instrument used to get the spectroscopic data. Some authors do not follow such a best practice.